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chapter 3

As the early states and empires grew in number, size, and population, they frequently competed for resources and came into conflict with one another. In quest of land, wealth, and security, some empires expanded drastically. In doing so, they built powerful military machines and administrative institutions that were capable of organizing human activities over long distances, and they created new groups of military and political elites to manage their affairs. As these empires expanded their boundaries, they also faced the need to develop policies and procedures to govern their relationships with ethnically and culturally diverse populations: sometimes to integrate them within an imperial society and sometimes to exclude them. In some cases, these empires became victims of their own successes. By expanding their boundaries too far, they created political, cultural, and administrative difficulties that they could not manage. They also experienced environmental, social, and economic probl...
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part 2 of chapter 2

what I thunk about this is that the Population grew more rapidly than ever before (rate of growth is quite slow compared to recent centuries Growing size of states & empires dwarfed first wave civilizations; brought together vast diversity of people under a single political system Rise and fall of second wave empires had major consequences and changes for the people who experienced them; oftentimes results in bloodshed, destruction, and trauma Modest innovations enhanced human potential for manipulating the environment Far more elaborate, widespread, and dense networks of communication and trade
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chapter 2

In chapter two strayer talks about the emerging of new civilization and how they formed their own cities and states. I really liked how she also included a map of time on page 61 that shows what happened during the years I thought that it was really cool that some of the first civilizations created their own states around large territories.
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chapter 1

The ending of chapter 1 was very interesting I was so fascinated about reading about how they transformed into an agriculture era I thought it was cool how some places could survive without a leader/chief but in other places they needed to have a chief so that everything can get done.  And yet history courses and history books often neglect this long phase of the human journey and instead choose to begin the story with the early civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and elsewhere. Some historians identify “real history” with writing and so dismiss the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras as largely unknowable because their peoples did not write. Others, impressed with the rapid pace of change in human affairs in more recent times, assume that nothing much of real significance happened during the long Paleolithic era and that no change meant no history.
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